![]() In 2021, Nature named Jupyter as one of ten computing projects that transformed science. Economist Paul Romer, in response, published a blog post in which he reflected on his experiences using Mathematica and Jupyter for research, concluding in part that Jupyter "does a better job of delivering what Theodore Gray had in mind when he designed the Mathematica notebook." The Atlantic published an article entitled "The Scientific Paper Is Obsolete" in 2018, discussing the role of Jupyter Notebook and the Mathematica notebook in the future of scientific publishing. As of July 2022, the Jupyter extension for VS Code has been downloaded over 40 million times, making it the second-most popular extension in the VS Code Marketplace. Visual Studio Code supports local development of Jupyter notebooks. Examples include Amazon SageMaker Notebooks, Google's Colaboratory, and Microsoft's Azure Notebook. Major cloud computing providers have adopted the Jupyter Notebook or derivative tools as a frontend interface for cloud users. In January 2021, nearly 10 million were available, including notebooks about the first observation of gravitational waves and about the 2019 discovery of a supermassive black hole. By 2018, about 2.5 million were available. In 2015, about 200,000 Jupyter notebooks were available on GitHub. Jupyter supports execution environments (called "kernels") in several dozen languages, including Julia, R, Haskell, Ruby, and Python (via the IPython kernel). IPython continues to exist as a Python shell and a kernel for Jupyter, while the notebook and other language-agnostic parts of IPython moved under the Jupyter name. In 2014, Pérez announced a spin-off project from IPython called Project Jupyter. The first version of Notebooks for IPython was released in 2011 by a team including Fernando Pérez, Brian Granger, and Min Ragan-Kelley. ![]() ![]() A forged manuscript ascribed to Galileo Galilei's observations of Jupiter (⊛) and four of its moons (✱), which inspired the Jupyter logo
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